full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Laura Schulz: The surprisingly logical minds of babies
Unscramble the Blue Letters
LS: Let me show you the experimental rsleuts. On the vertical axis, you'll see the distribution of children's cicoehs in each condition, and you'll see that the distribution of the choices children make depends on the evidence they observe. So in the second year of life, babies can use a tiny bit of statistical data to decide between two ftaleaumndnly different strategies for acting in the world: asking for help and eporixnlg. I've just shown you two laboratory experiments out of leilralty heunddrs in the field that make similar points, because the really critical point is that children's ability to make rich ieenfnrces from sparse data underlies all the species-specific cultural learning that we do. cdleirhn learn about new tloos from just a few examples. They learn new causal relationships from just a few examples. They even learn new words, in this case in American Sign Language.
Open Cloze
LS: Let me show you the experimental _______. On the vertical axis, you'll see the distribution of children's _______ in each condition, and you'll see that the distribution of the choices children make depends on the evidence they observe. So in the second year of life, babies can use a tiny bit of statistical data to decide between two _____________ different strategies for acting in the world: asking for help and _________. I've just shown you two laboratory experiments out of _________ ________ in the field that make similar points, because the really critical point is that children's ability to make rich __________ from sparse data underlies all the species-specific cultural learning that we do. ________ learn about new _____ from just a few examples. They learn new causal relationships from just a few examples. They even learn new words, in this case in American Sign Language.
Solution
- results
- hundreds
- inferences
- fundamentally
- choices
- exploring
- tools
- children
- literally
Original Text
LS: Let me show you the experimental results. On the vertical axis, you'll see the distribution of children's choices in each condition, and you'll see that the distribution of the choices children make depends on the evidence they observe. So in the second year of life, babies can use a tiny bit of statistical data to decide between two fundamentally different strategies for acting in the world: asking for help and exploring. I've just shown you two laboratory experiments out of literally hundreds in the field that make similar points, because the really critical point is that children's ability to make rich inferences from sparse data underlies all the species-specific cultural learning that we do. Children learn about new tools from just a few examples. They learn new causal relationships from just a few examples. They even learn new words, in this case in American Sign Language.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
blue balls |
10 |
human minds |
7 |
randomly sampled |
3 |
tiny bit |
3 |
show babies |
3 |
yellow balls |
3 |
statistical data |
3 |
human cognition |
2 |
children learn |
2 |
causal reasoning |
2 |
small samples |
2 |
rubber ducks |
2 |
develop expectations |
2 |
plausibly representative |
2 |
important point |
2 |
box squeaks |
2 |
experimental results |
2 |
blue ball |
2 |
causal relationships |
2 |
big idea |
2 |
machine learning |
2 |
small amounts |
2 |
data human |
2 |
minds generate |
2 |
ngrams of length 3
collocation |
frequency |
data human minds |
2 |
human minds generate |
2 |
Important Words
- ability
- acting
- american
- axis
- babies
- bit
- case
- causal
- children
- choices
- condition
- critical
- cultural
- data
- decide
- depends
- distribution
- evidence
- examples
- experimental
- experiments
- exploring
- field
- fundamentally
- hundreds
- inferences
- laboratory
- language
- learn
- learning
- life
- literally
- observe
- point
- points
- relationships
- results
- rich
- show
- shown
- sign
- similar
- sparse
- statistical
- strategies
- tiny
- tools
- underlies
- vertical
- words
- year